Tuesday, April 3, 2012

mysql command

http://www.pantz.org/software/mysql/mysqlcommands.html

  • create a MySQL database and set privileges to a user
    # mysql -u root
    mysql> create database amarokdb;
    mysql> grant usage on *.* to amarokuser@localhost identified by 'amarokpasswd';
    mysql> grant all privileges on amarokdb.* to amarokuser@localhost ;
    # mysql -u amarokuser -p'amarokpasswd' amarokdb
    
  • Reset the Root Password ( http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/resetting-permissions.html )
    1. Stop mysqld and restart it with the --skip-grant-tables option. This enables anyone to connect without a password and with all privileges. Because this is insecure, you might want to use --skip-grant-tables in conjunction with --skip-networking to prevent remote clients from connecting. --user=mysql
    2. Connect to the mysqld server with this command:
      shell> mysql
      
    3. Issue the following statements in the mysql client. Replace the password with the password that you want to use.
      mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass')
          ->                   WHERE User='root';
      mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
      
      The FLUSH statement tells the server to reload the grant tables into memory so that it notices the password change.
    You should now be able to connect to the MySQL server as root using the new password. Stop the server, then restart it normally (without the --skip-grant-tables and --skip-networking options).

    Check out mysql_setpermission extension

  • To login (from unix shell) use -h only if needed.

    # [mysql dir]/bin/mysql -h hostname -u root -p

    Create a database on the sql server.

    mysql> create database [databasename];

    List all databases on the sql server.

    mysql> show databases;

    Switch to a database.

    mysql> use [db name];

    To see all the tables in the db.

    mysql> show tables;

    To see database's field formats.

    mysql> describe [table name];

    To delete a db.

    mysql> drop database [database name];

    To delete a table.

    mysql> drop table [table name];

    Show all data in a table.

    mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name];

    Returns the columns and column information pertaining to the designated table.

    mysql> show columns from [table name];

    Show certain selected rows with the value "whatever".

    mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE [field name] = "whatever";

    Show all records containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444'.

    mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name = "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444';

    Show all records not containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444' order by the phone_number field.

    mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name != "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444' order by phone_number;

    Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444'.

    mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number = '3444444';

    Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444' limit to records 1 through 5.

    mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number = '3444444' limit 1,5;

    Use a regular expression to find records. Use "REGEXP BINARY" to force case-sensitivity. This finds any record beginning with a.

    mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE rec RLIKE "^a";

    Show unique records.

    mysql> SELECT DISTINCT [column name] FROM [table name];

    Show selected records sorted in an ascending (asc) or descending (desc).

    mysql> SELECT [col1],[col2] FROM [table name] ORDER BY [col2] DESC;

    Return number of rows.

    mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [table name];

    Sum column.

    mysql> SELECT SUM(*) FROM [table name];

    Join tables on common columns.

    mysql> select lookup.illustrationid, lookup.personid,person.birthday from lookup left join person on lookup.personid=person.personid=statement to join birthday in person table with primary illustration id;

    Creating a new user. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Make the user. Update privs.

    # mysql -u root -p
    mysql> use mysql;
    mysql> INSERT INTO user (Host,User,Password) VALUES('%','username',PASSWORD('password'));
    mysql> flush privileges;

    Change a users password from unix shell.

    # [mysql dir]/bin/mysqladmin -u username -h hostname.blah.org -p password 'new-password'

    Change a users password from MySQL prompt. Login as root. Set the password. Update privs.

    # mysql -u root -p
    mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'hostname' = PASSWORD('passwordhere');
    mysql> flush privileges;

    Recover a MySQL root password. Stop the MySQL server process. Start again with no grant tables. Login to MySQL as root. Set new password. Exit MySQL and restart MySQL server.

    # /etc/init.d/mysql stop
    # mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
    # mysql -u root
    mysql> use mysql;
    mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("newrootpassword") where User='root';
    mysql> flush privileges;
    mysql> quit
    # /etc/init.d/mysql stop
    # /etc/init.d/mysql start

    Set a root password if there is on root password.

    # mysqladmin -u root password newpassword

    Update a root password.

    # mysqladmin -u root -p oldpassword newpassword

    Allow the user "bob" to connect to the server from localhost using the password "passwd". Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Give privs. Update privs.

    # mysql -u root -p
    mysql> use mysql;
    mysql> grant usage on *.* to bob@localhost identified by 'passwd';
    mysql> flush privileges;

    Give user privilages for a db. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Grant privs. Update privs.

    # mysql -u root -p
    mysql> use mysql;
    mysql> INSERT INTO db (Host,Db,User,Select_priv,Insert_priv,Update_priv,Delete_priv,Create_priv,Drop_priv) VALUES ('%','databasename','username','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N');
    mysql> flush privileges;

    or

    mysql> grant all privileges on databasename.* to username@localhost;
    mysql> flush privileges;

    To update info already in a table.

    mysql> UPDATE [table name] SET Select_priv = 'Y',Insert_priv = 'Y',Update_priv = 'Y' where [field name] = 'user';

    Delete a row(s) from a table.

    mysql> DELETE from [table name] where [field name] = 'whatever';

    Update database permissions/privilages.

    mysql> flush privileges;

    Delete a column.

    mysql> alter table [table name] drop column [column name];

    Add a new column to db.

    mysql> alter table [table name] add column [new column name] varchar (20);

    Change column name.

    mysql> alter table [table name] change [old column name] [new column name] varchar (50);

    Make a unique column so you get no dupes.

    mysql> alter table [table name] add unique ([column name]);

    Make a column bigger.

    mysql> alter table [table name] modify [column name] VARCHAR(3);

    Delete unique from table.

    mysql> alter table [table name] drop index [colmn name];

    Load a CSV file into a table.

    mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/filename.csv' replace INTO TABLE [table name] FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n' (field1,field2,field3);

    Dump all databases for backup. Backup file is sql commands to recreate all db's.

    # [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u root -ppassword --opt >/tmp/alldatabases.sql

    Dump one database for backup.

    # [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u username -ppassword --databases databasename >/tmp/databasename.sql

    Dump a table from a database.

    # [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -c -u username -ppassword databasename tablename > /tmp/databasename.tablename.sql

    Restore database (or database table) from backup.

    # [mysql dir]/bin/mysql -u username -ppassword databasename < /tmp/databasename.sql

    Create Table Example 1.

    mysql> CREATE TABLE [table name] (firstname VARCHAR(20), middleinitial VARCHAR(3), lastname VARCHAR(35),suffix VARCHAR(3),officeid VARCHAR(10),userid VARCHAR(15),username VARCHAR(8),email VARCHAR(35),phone VARCHAR(25), groups VARCHAR(15),datestamp DATE,timestamp time,pgpemail VARCHAR(255));

    Create Table Example 2.

    mysql> create table [table name] (personid int(50) not null auto_increment primary key,firstname varchar(35),middlename varchar(50),lastnamevarchar(50) default 'bato');

  • password policy:
    mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';

    Change password policy, in server option file, my.cnf:
    [mysqld]
        plugin-load-add=validate_password.so
        validate_password_length=10
        validate_password_mixed_case_count=1
        validate_password_number_count=2
        validate_password_special_char_count=1
  • MYSQL Statements and clauses
    ALTER DATABASE
    ALTER TABLE
    ALTER VIEW
    ANALYZE TABLE
    BACKUP TABLE
    CACHE INDEX
    CHANGE MASTER TO
    CHECK TABLE
    CHECKSUM TABLECOMMIT
    CREATE DATABASE
    CREATE INDEX
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE VIEW
    DELETE
    DESCRIBE
    DO
    DROP DATABASE
    DROP INDEX
    DROP TABLE
    DROP USER
    DROP VIEW
    EXPLAIN
    FLUSH
    GRANT
    HANDLER
    INSERT
    JOIN
    KILL
    LOAD DATA FROM MASTER
    LOAD DATA INFILE
    LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE
    LOAD TABLE...FROM MASTER
    LOCK TABLES
    OPTIMIZE TABLE
    PURGE MASTER LOGS
    RENAME TABLE
    REPAIR TABLE
    REPLACE
    RESET
    RESET MASTER
    RESET SLAVE
    RESTORE TABLE
    REVOKE
    ROLLBACK
    ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
    SAVEPOINT
    SELECT
    SET
    SET PASSWORD
    SET SQL_LOG_BIN
    SET TRANSACTION
    SHOW BINLOG EVENTS
    SHOW CHARACTER SET
    SHOW COLLATION
    SHOW COLUMNS
    SHOW CREATE DATABASE
    SHOW CREATE TABLE
    SHOW CREATE VIEW
    SHOW DATABASES
    SHOW ENGINES
    SHOW ERRORS
    SHOW GRANTS
    SHOW INDEX
    SHOW INNODB STATUS
    SHOW LOGS
    SHOW MASTER LOGS
    SHOW MASTER STATUS
    SHOW PRIVILEGES
    SHOW PROCESSLIST
    SHOW SLAVE HOSTS
    SHOW SLAVE STATUS
    SHOW STATUS
    SHOW TABLE STATUS
    SHOW TABLES
    SHOW VARIABLES
    SHOW WARNINGS
    START SLAVE
    START TRANSACTION
    STOP SLAVE
    TRUNCATE TABLE
    UNION
    UNLOCK TABLES
    USE
    
    String Functions
    AES_DECRYPT
    AES_ENCRYPT
    ASCII
    BIN
    BINARY
    BIT_LENGTH
    CHAR
    CHAR_LENGTH
    CHARACTER_LENGTH
    COMPRESS
    CONCAT
    CONCAT_WS
    CONV
    DECODE
    DES_DECRYPT
    DES_ENCRYPT
    ELT
    ENCODE
    ENCRYPT
    EXPORT_SET
    FIELD
    FIND_IN_SET
    HEX
    INET_ATON
    INET_NTOA
    INSERT
    INSTR
    LCASE
    LEFT
    LENGTH
    LOAD_FILE
    LOCATE
    LOWER
    LPAD
    LTRIM
    MAKE_SET
    MATCH    AGAINST
    MD5
    MID
    OCT
    OCTET_LENGTH
    OLD_PASSWORD
    ORD
    PASSWORD
    POSITION
    QUOTE
    REPEAT
    REPLACE
    REVERSE
    RIGHT
    RPAD
    RTRIM
    SHA
    SHA1
    SOUNDEX
    SPACE
    STRCMP
    SUBSTRING
    SUBSTRING_INDEX
    TRIM
    UCASE
    UNCOMPRESS
    UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
    UNHEX
    UPPER
    
    Date and Time Functions
    ADDDATE
    ADDTIME
    CONVERT_TZ
    CURDATE
    CURRENT_DATE
    CURRENT_TIME
    CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
    CURTIME
    DATE
    DATE_ADD
    DATE_FORMAT
    DATE_SUB
    DATEDIFF
    DAY
    DAYNAME
    DAYOFMONTH
    DAYOFWEEK
    DAYOFYEAR
    EXTRACT
    FROM_DAYS
    FROM_UNIXTIME
    GET_FORMAT
    HOUR
    LAST_DAY
    LOCALTIME
    LOCALTIMESTAMP
    MAKEDATE
    MAKETIME
    MICROSECOND
    MINUTE
    MONTH
    MONTHNAME
    NOW
    PERIOD_ADD
    PERIOD_DIFF
    QUARTER
    SEC_TO_TIME
    SECOND
    STR_TO_DATE
    SUBDATE
    SUBTIME
    SYSDATE
    TIME
    TIMEDIFF
    TIMESTAMP
    TIMESTAMPDIFF
    TIMESTAMPADD
    TIME_FORMAT
    TIME_TO_SEC
    TO_DAYS
    UNIX_TIMESTAMP
    UTC_DATE
    UTC_TIME
    UTC_TIMESTAMP
    WEEK
    WEEKDAY
    WEEKOFYEAR
    YEAR
    YEARWEEK
    
    Mathematical and Aggregate Functions
    ABS
    ACOS
    ASIN
    ATAN
    ATAN2
    AVG
    BIT_AND
    BIT_OR
    BIT_XOR
    CEIL
    CEILING
    COS
    COT
    COUNT
    CRC32
    DEGREES
    EXP
    FLOOR
    FORMAT
    GREATEST
    GROUP_CONCAT
    LEAST
    LN
    LOG
    LOG2
    LOG10
    MAX
    MIN
    MOD
    PI
    POW
    POWER
    RADIANS
    RAND
    ROUND
    SIGN
    SIN
    SQRT
    STD
    STDDEV
    SUM
    TAN
    TRUNCATE
    VARIANCE
    
    Flow Control Functions
    Command-Line Utilities
    comp_err
    isamchk
    make_binary_distribution
    msql2mysql
    my_print_defaults
    myisamchk
    myisamlog
    myisampack
    mysqlaccess
    mysqladmin
    mysqlbinlog
    mysqlbug
    mysqlcheck
    mysqldump
    mysqldumpslow
    mysqlhotcopy
    mysqlimport
    mysqlshow
    perror

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